Going back to the 1960's, EMI was the biggest record company in the world. Off the back of the Beatles worldwide success, they expanded here & in many other countries.  They had some of the most modern / best / biggest pressing plants in the world here in the UK. This was partly coz old equipment would be taken off line & shipped to an overseas EMI operation (India / Pakistan / Africa) with new machinery replacing it in their UK plants.

BUT even though EMI was a 'giant' in the industry, sometimes they had problems pressing enough records to keep up with the demand. To increase production they turned to other companies to press up some copies of particular releases, however, the vast majority of their single releases were still pressed by EMI themselves. However, if they, say, had a big Beatles hit on their hands and a couple of other big sellers at the same time, they would go out to get help from other labels plants. 

They used the likes of Oriole -- who pressed up loads of copies of  “I Want To Hold Your Hand” (R 5084--- November 63) & “Can’t Buy Me Love” (R 5114  -- March 64) at their Aston Clinton facility in 63/64. It seems they deemed Oriole to have a very good pressing plant that was also used by several other companies. Oriole pressings are usually mistaken for Pye pressings. The reason for this was that Pye also had several of their big hits 45's pressed by Oriole, with folk assuming these had been done in-house by Pye. By all accounts you can tell the EMI label & Pye label 45's that were made by Oriole coz they have distinguishing characteristics.

Oriole pressings .... 1. No tax code is evident in the push-out centre on either side of the disc.  2. The push-out centre has a rough texture to it.
3. There is one small ridge that’s approximately 0.5mm in from the edge of the push-out centre. 4. The gap between the push-out centre and the body of the disc is approximately 2.5mm wide. 5. The tax code can be found stamped into the deadwax at the 9 o’clock position.    6. The mother plate number is pressed directly underneath the tax code at the 9 o’clock position.

Obviously CBS took over Oriole in late 64 and then used the Aston Clinton & Colnbrook pressing plants to make their own CBS & Direction stuff, US Columbia / CBS had first looked to start their own UK labels in 1962. From May 1962 onwards, Philips handled the American Columbia / CBS label here & in Ireland. An early UK 45 under the new arrangement with Phillips was the Dave Brubeck Quartet's "Unsquare Dance" (CBS AAG 102). This collaboration started to end after CBS bought out the Oriole Records operation. A few more EMI 45's were made by CBS (/ Oriole) in December 64 & again in September 68, but not as many were made this way.

So, it seems using the old Oriole facilities became harder for EMI when they needed instant extra capacity. So they went to the likes of Decca, Phillips & Pye. Decca pressed up 45's for EMI in September & December 63 + in summer 65. It seems Decca pressed up lots of 45's for EMI throughout the 1960's. Phillips & Pye made EMI 45's mainly in 1968 /69 and into the 70's.

I have used the Beatles 45 to illustrate this piece as their stuff has been extensively researched by many before me. Beatles collectors have identified which singles were pressed by the other companies & how these can be identified, as the completists want a copy of each 45 in all it's different forms.

So, we know it went on (other companies pressing up 45's for EMI) from at least 1963 right through into the 70's.

I guess it would only have been big single runs that were sent out to these outside sources; an order for say 5000 of this particular record, rather than 500 copies of 10 different EMI 45's, So that means it will only have been HITS that EMI outsourced. That would cut down the number of releases that were of interest to us ... but I guess we could easily have Stateside 45's from the likes of Lee Dorsey, T/Motown 45's from the likes of the Supremes / Tops, etc, Bell 45's from James & Bobby Purify, etc etc that were done by the likes of Oriole, Decca, Pye, etc.

I know Pye went through a rough patch in terms of 45 sales in summer 65 and were only 'rescued' when Fontella Bass's "Rescue Me" (Chess) became a big seller for them ahead of Christmas 65. I guess it's likely that copies of this Pye / Chess 45 were outsourced to other pressing plants to meet the demand.

ANYONE HERE have any knowledge of which singles from one company were pressed up in this way (by another rival record company) ?    

 

 

An add on question ... 

. . . has it been established which record companies' pressing plant made lots of the collectable UK soul 45's put out by ska / reggae & soul indie labels.

Stuff like Errol Dixon's "Need Someone to Love", Jimmy James R&B, Ska Beat, Trojan or Miami label 45's, Blue Beat label stuff,   Glen Miller's "Where Is The Love" and the like.  

I believe Oriole's plant made 45's for many different UK labels, including some Blue Beat singles.

I'd guess that copies of the Isley Bros "This Old Heart of Mine" could have been pressed up by 'outside plants' but that 45 sold over such a long period, that I'd say EMI must have done 3 / 4 different pressing runs of it themselves.

I know that the some of the Spot label 45's (the Lunar 2 single) were pressed up in Newport, south Wales. I don't even know who owned that pressing plant but assume it was a small indie operation not owned by a major UK label. A crap copy of this 45 just sold for £250 ... 

Edited July 28, 2024Jul 28 by Roburt

Cilla Black - You're My World - Parlophone was also pressed up by Polydor. As with above, EMI supplied labels, but immediately noticable by the three pronged middle. I only saw it once about 15 years ago.

Edited July 28, 2024Jul 28 by Mick Holdsworth

Mick, thanks for that info. Yes, it's obvious many other EMI released 45's were pressed up by other companies. I never realised Polydor were also part of the process (but now do). 

I know Beatles fans have researched this subject & it seems Cilla Black fans have as well. I guess if I trawled the net, I could also find info on 45's by the likes of Frank Ifield, Rolf Harris, Cliff Pilchard, the Shadows & more that were made by others.

The closest I think I can get at present to a EMI 45 that must have been pressed up by others are copies of Kenny Lynch's version of "Up On The Roof" (HMV # 45 POP1090). This was a No.1 for a good while in early 63 and so sold by the barrow full. But I don't have the means myself of checking all the different versions of this 45 out there & so ID'ing which were pressed up by other companies.

Hoping someone somewhere has done a bit of work on this subject already.  

There were 45's that sold steadily over a long period but never made the UK singles chart (or just made it into the bottom of the chart) ... these steady & long sellers would mostly all have been pressed in-house I guess ... with a 2nd pressing coming 6 to 12 months after the first. A record at the bottom of the Top 40 would be selling a fraction of the copies of that week's No.1 record.

SO THERE WERE THE big CHART HITS ... some UK soul 45's were awarded silver (250,000 sales) or gold discs (500,000) for sales levels. These would have made it high into the top 10 but may only have sold in high numbers over a period of say 10 to 12 weeks. So, at their peak, they would have been selling around 40,000 copies in a 7 day period. These are the 45's that would have been outsourced to other companies pressing plants to meet the short term demand. 

So that's tracks such as the 4 Tops "Reach Out", "Marvin's "Grapevine", Stevie's "Yester Me, Yester You" & a couple of Supremes' singles+ other labels cuts such as Nina Simone's "Ain't Got No, I Got Life".

How many copies of 45's such as Ike & Tinas' "River Deep", Roy C's "Shotgun Wedding" and Bob & Earl's "Harlem Shuffle" would have sold in their PEAK WEEK I can only guess at, but it seems that they also probably would have been out-sourced' too to keep up with demand. 

I think we'll never now know the full facts on actual sales figures. But with the info available on say how a Decca pressing differed from a Phillips or Pye, Polydor or EMI pressing, we should be able to ID certain Stateside, Tamla Motown & Bell 45's that definitely weren't actually pressed by EMI at their own plant.

Edited July 28, 2024Jul 28 by Roburt

regardless of the pressing plants, do you have one signed by all of the them?

Quote

pla

 

3 versions of a 70's Tamla Motown 45 ... going further afield to get it pressed up ... with thanks to SDF member ...

The German version for the German market ...

The German version for the UK market ...

The UK version for the UK market ...

Edited July 28, 2024Jul 28 by Roburt

As already stated, Columbia / CBS bought out Oriole in 1965 (the deal being formulated in 64). CBS wanted their own UK outlet as their acts (Bob Dylan, etc.) were beginning to sell well internationally. But EMI & Columbia had a relationship (in the US & UK) that went right back to the 1930's. That's why EMI released stuff (& owned the rights to) the COLUMBIA label in the UK.

So, when COLUMBIA bought out Oriole & started their own UK label/s, they had to be CBS here & not Columbia. But the 2 companies still 'got on' although from the mid 60's, they had no formal ties.

The UK Columbia label had existed for decades & had various different label designs. In the early 60's, CBS owned labels such as Okeh had their 45's released here (Major Lance, etc) by EMI on the Columbia label. The relationship between the two was coming to an end though, so US soul stuff began to dry up on Columbia 45's.

BUT, the two companies retained links AND when CBS started to have UK hits with Bob Dylan 45's, the ex Oriole pressing plants couldn't meet the peak demand. So CBS went to EMI and had some 45's pressed up at EMI's west London facility (again, Bob Dylan fans are fanatics, so all this info has been gathered by others already).  The UK CBS Dylan 45's pressed up by EMI are mainly ID'ed by the tax code letters to be found on the record's centres (KT for instance).  Below it shows a 3 pronged CBS 45 (Dylan's "Like A Rolling Stone") this was also pressed at an 'outside plant' (by Phillips I believe) as the CBS / Oriole versions always had 4 prongs.  

Edited July 29, 2024Jul 29 by Roburt

Input again from a SDF member ... copies of TMG 607 were outsourced for pressing.

It seems likely these were done at the CBS / Oriole plant (probably the one in Aston Clinton) ... though some seem to think they may have been made by Pye. An 'out-sourced' copy is shown below ... the label on this looks identical to the EMI pressed copies, so it seems EMI supplied the labels for these 'out-sourced' pressings.

Edited July 29, 2024Jul 29 by Roburt

CBS out-sourced the pressing of some copies of a few Bob Dylan HIT 45's here in the UK. 

A few years later, they started having hits with some of their soul 45's on Direction. If CBS had out-sourced some of their pressing work when their own plant couldn't cope (to EMI & Phillips), maybe copies of the following HIT soul 45's were also out-sourced ... 

Sly & the Family Stone's" Dance To The Music" [[June 68 -- though this had escaped on EMI's Columbia label first), the Bandwagon's "Breakin' Down The Walls Of Heartache" [[summer 68) & the Tymes "People" [[Jan 69).

Anyone here have knowledge of this actually happening ?

Edited July 29, 2024Jul 29 by Roburt

Always an absolute minefield I'd information, thanks pal

Geeselad, my brain is wired that way; I can't help myself once I get the bit between my teeth. 

But I'm not up there (knowledge wise) with the real Detroit experts, so always welcome input from others.

 

More input from a SDF member ....   on CBS  ('Oriole') pressed 45's ...

Although their mastering and their vinyl sound quality were good, CBS UK was sadly one of the main offenders in terms of off-centre holes for both singles and albums. Therefore, a "farmed out" CBS pressing was more desirable to the likes of me.

He didn't have knowledge of any Direction 45's that had been 'out-sourced', it was rock singles on CBS that Decca had pressed he had. I guess this 'off-centre trait was due to the equipment at the old Oriole / CBS plant in Aston Clinton being almost life expired. I'd guess they improved in quality when CBS moved to their new purpose built pressing plant on Raybans Lane, Aylesbury (see pic of it on original thread referred to earlier in this thread).